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Butuh bantuan Terjemahan

edited July 2008 in BoyzRoom
Teman - teman RUU Pornografi kan sekarang lagi dibahas oleh DPR RI. Dalam RUU tersebut bahwa Homoseksual dikelompokkan dalam penyimpangan seksual.

So, kita tahu kan bahwa dalam ilmu Psikologi dan WHO sudah tidak menganggap homoseksual sebagai penyimpangan. tetapi sebagai keberagaman seksual.
So ini menunjukkan pemerintah perlu ada bahan yang bisa dibaca soal kesepakatan psikologi itu.

Untuk itu saya punya dokumen soal dikeluarkannya homoseksual sebagai penyimpangan seksual. Tapi masalahnya bahan itu dalam bahasa Inggris.

Untuk itu saya minta tolong bantuan teman - teman yang mau secara suka rela untuk menterjemahkan dalam bahasa Indonesia.
Jumlah halamannya ada 8 halaman (3 halaman daftar pustaka).
Jadi cuma butuh 5 halaman saja yang perlu di terjemahkan.

Bagi teman - teman yang mau bantu untuk terjemahkan akan berguna sekali untuk saya bagikan dengan anggota DPR dan orang yang ada kepentingan.

Sekali lagi saya butuh bantuan relawan untuk terjemahan ini. Jika ada yang mau bantu tolong email saya nanti saya akan kirimkan filenya.


email saya

[email protected]



Salam


Toyo

++08++13++76++19++25++16
«1

Comments

  • toyo wrote:
    Teman - teman RUU Pornografi kan sekarang lagi dibahas oleh DPR RI. Dalam RUU tersebut bahwa Homoseksual dikelompokkan dalam penyimpangan seksual.

    So, kita tahu kan bahwa dalam ilmu Psikologi dan WHO sudah tidak menganggap homoseksual sebagai penyimpangan. tetapi sebagai keberagaman seksual.
    So ini menunjukkan pemerintah perlu ada bahan yang bisa dibaca soal kesepakatan psikologi itu.

    Untuk itu saya punya dokumen soal dikeluarkannya homoseksual sebagai penyimpangan seksual. Tapi masalahnya bahan itu dalam bahasa Inggris.

    Untuk itu saya minta tolong bantuan teman - teman yang mau secara suka rela untuk menterjemahkan dalam bahasa Indonesia.
    Jumlah halamannya ada 8 halaman (3 halaman daftar pustaka).
    Jadi cuma butuh 5 halaman saja yang perlu di terjemahkan.

    Bagi teman - teman yang mau bantu untuk terjemahkan akan berguna sekali untuk saya bagikan dengan anggota DPR dan orang yang ada kepentingan.

    Sekali lagi saya butuh bantuan relawan untuk terjemahan ini. Jika ada yang mau bantu tolong email saya nanti saya akan kirimkan filenya.


    email saya

    [email protected]



    Salam


    Toyo

    ++08++13++76++19++25++16

    kebetulan saya nggak bisa bahasa inggris, tapi kalau kamu mau coba kamu buka http://www.toggletext.com disini kamu bisa menterjemahkan teks ataupun dokumen, meski nggak valid-valid amat tapi cukup membantu kok!
  • toyo wrote:

    Sekali lagi saya butuh bantuan relawan untuk terjemahan ini. Jika ada yang mau bantu tolong email saya nanti saya akan kirimkan filenya.


    gak perlu lewat e-mail, tar titi main ke kost an toyo. kalo gak salah yg di deket Holland Bakery itu yah. Hayoo ngaku !!!! he he
  • halo...mgkn g bisa bantu sedikit dlm menerjemahkan..
    materinya ada dimana?
  • Yosuke wrote:
    halo...mgkn g bisa bantu sedikit dlm menerjemahkan..
    materinya ada dimana?
    email dia suruh u email cape deh
  • Yosuke wrote:
    halo...mgkn g bisa bantu sedikit dlm menerjemahkan..
    materinya ada dimana?

    Setahu Gw, Inggris nya Yocchi adalah yang terbaik diantara kami.
    Mungkin yang bisa mengimbangi adalah co Gw, tapi doi ngga terlalu suka ke BF.
    Toyo bisa PM Yocchi.

    Cheers,


    Terry Sie
  • Gimana kalo toyo copy paste di sini bahan yang mau diterjemahin, makin banyak otak yang ngerjain mudah-mudahan makin bagus. Jadi bisa banyak yang ngerjain dan banyak masukan. Barangkali ada istilah-istilah tertentu yang mungkin misalnya hanya ada di istilah psikologi atau hukum. Sekalian kita-kita bisa belajar juga, kan???

    Gimana?
  • Gimana kalo toyo copy paste di sini bahan yang mau diterjemahin, makin banyak otak yang ngerjain mudah-mudahan makin bagus. Jadi bisa banyak yang ngerjain dan banyak masukan. Barangkali ada istilah-istilah tertentu yang mungkin misalnya hanya ada di istilah psikologi atau hukum. Sekalian kita-kita bisa belajar juga, kan???

    Gimana?

    cucok!!! ditunggu copasnya :wink:
  • Adopted by the APA Council of Representatives on January 24-26, 1975.


    1. The American Psychological Association supports the action taken on December 15, 1973, by the American Psychiatric Association, removing homosexuality from that Association's official list of mental disorders. The American Psychological Association therefore adopts the following resolution:

    Homosexuality per se implies no impairment in judgement, stability, reliability, or general social and vocational capabilities; Further, the American Psychological Association urges all mental health professionals to take the lead in removing the stigma of mental illness that has long been associated with homosexual orientations.

    2. Regarding discrimination against homosexuals, the American Psychological Association adopts the following resolution concerning their civil and legal rights:

    The American Psychological Association deplores all public and private discrimination in such areas as employment, housing, public accommodation, and licensing against those who engage in or have engaged in homosexual activities and declares that no burden of proof of such judgement, capacity, or reliability shall be placed upon these individuals greater than that imposed on any other persons. Further, the American Psychological Association supports and urges the enactment of civil rights legislation at the local, and state and federal level that would offer citizens who engage in acts of homosexuality the same protections now guaranteed to others on the basis of race, creed, color, etc. Further, the American Psychological Association supports and urges the repeal of all discriminatory legislation singling out homosexual acts by consenting adults in private.


    Please cite this policy statement as:
    Conger, J.J. (1975). Proceedings of the American Psychological Association, Incorporated, for the year 1974: Minutes of the annual meeting of the Council of Representatives. American Psychologist, 30, 620-651
    Source:
    http://www.apa.org/pi/lgbc/policy/discrimination.html


    POSITION STATEMENT
    COPP Position Statement on Therapies Focused on Attempts to Change Sexual Orientation (Reparative or Conversion Therapies)
    Approved by the Board of Trustees March 2000
    Approved by the Assembly May 2000
    Preamble
    In December of 1998, the Board of Trustees issued a position statement that the American Psychiatric Association opposes any psychiatric treatment, such as "reparative" or conversion therapy, which is based upon the assumption that homosexuality per se is a mental disorder or based upon the a priori assumption that a patient should change his/her sexual homosexual orientation (Appendix 1). In doing so, the APA joined many other professional organizations that either oppose or are critical of "reparative" therapies, including the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Medical Association, the American Psychological Association, The American Counseling Association, and the National Association of Social Workers (1).
    The following Position Statement expands and elaborates upon the statement issued by the Board of Trustees in order to further address public and professional concerns about therapies designed to change a patient's sexual orientation or sexual identity. It augments rather than replaces the 1998 statement.
    Position Statement

    In the past, defining homosexuality as an illness buttressed society's moral opprobrium of same-sex relationships (2). In the current social climate, claiming homosexuality is a mental disorder stems from efforts to discredit the growing social acceptance of homosexuality as a normal variant of human sexuality. Consequently, the issue of changing sexual orientation has become highly politicized. The integration of gays and lesbians into the mainstream of American society is opposed by those who fear that such integration is morally wrong and harmful to the social fabric. The political and moral debates surrounding this issue have obscured the scientific data by calling into question the motives and even the character of individuals on both sides of the issue. This document attempts to shed some light on this heated issue.

    The validity, efficacy and ethics of clinical attempts to change an individual's sexual orientation have been challenged (3,4,5,6). To date, there are no scientifically rigorous outcome studies to determine either the actual efficacy or harm of "reparative" treatments. There is sparse scientific data about selection criteria, risks versus benefits of the treatment, and long-term outcomes of "reparative" therapies. The literature consists of anecdotal reports of individuals who have claimed to change, people who claim that attempts to change were harmful to them, and others who claimed to have changed and then later recanted those claims (7,8,9).

    Although there is little scientific data about the patients who have undergone these treatments, it is still possible to evaluate the theories, which rationalize the conduct of "reparative" and conversion therapies. Firstly, they are at odds with the scientific position of the American Psychiatric Association which has maintained, since 1973, that homosexuality per se, is not a mental disorder. The theories of "reparative" therapists define homosexuality as either a developmental arrest, a severe form of psychopathology, or some combination of both (10-15). In recent years, noted practitioners of "reparative" therapy have openly integrated older psychoanalytic theories that pathologies homosexuality with traditional religious beliefs condemning homosexuality (16,17,18).
    The earliest scientific criticisms of the early theories and religious beliefs informing "reparative" or conversion therapies came primarily from sexology researchers (19-27). Later, criticisms emerged from psychoanalytic sources as well (28-39). There has also been an increasing body of religious thought arguing against traditional, biblical interpretations that condemn homosexuality and which underlie religious types of "reparative" therapy (40-46).

    Recommendations:
    1. APA affirms its 1973 position that homosexuality per se is not a diagnosable mental disorder. Recent publicized efforts to repathologize homosexuality by claiming that it can be cured are often guided not by rigorous scientific or psychiatric research, but sometimes by religious and political forces opposed to full civil rights for gay men and lesbians. APA recommends that the APA respond quickly and appropriately as a scientific organization when claims that homosexuality is a curable illness are made by political or religious groups.

    2. As a general principle, a therapist should not determine the goal of treatment either coercively or through subtle influence. Psychotherapeutic modalities to convert or "repair" homosexuality are based on developmental theories whose scientific validity is questionable. Furthermore, anecdotal reports of "cures" are counterbalanced by anecdotal claims of psychological harm. In the last four decades, "reparative" therapists have not produced any rigorous scientific research to substantiate their claims of cure. Until there is such research available, APA recommends that ethical practitioners refrain from attempts to change individuals' sexual orientation, keeping in mind the medical dictum to first, do no harm.

    3. The "reparative" therapy literature uses theories that make it difficult to formulate scientific selection criteria for their treatment modality. This literature not only ignores the impact of social stigma in motivating efforts to cure homosexuality; it is a literature that actively stigmatizes homosexuality as well. "Reparative" therapy literature also tends to overstate the treatment's accomplishments while neglecting any potential risks to patients. APA encourages and supports research in the NIMH and the academic research community to further determines "reparative" therapy's risks versus its benefits.

    APA Position Statement on Psychiatric Treatment and Sexual Orientation December 11, 1998

    The Board of Trustees of the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from the DSM in 1973 after reviewing the evidence that it was not a mental disorder. In 1987, ego-dystonic homosexuality was not included in the DSM-III-R after a similar review.

    The American Psychiatric Association does not currently have a formal position statement on treatments that attempt to change a persons sexual orientation, also known as reparative or conversion therapy. There is an APA 1997 Fact Sheet on Homosexual and Bisexual Issues which states that there is no published scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of reparative therapy as a treatment to change ones sexual orientation.
    The potential risks of reparative therapy are great, including depression, anxiety and self-destructive behavior, since therapist alignment with societal prejudices against homosexuality may reinforce self-hatred already experienced by the patient. Many patients who have undergone reparative therapy relate that they were inaccurately told that homosexuals are lonely, unhappy individuals who never achieve acceptance or satisfaction. The possibility that the person might achieve happiness and satisfying interpersonal relationships as a gay man or lesbian is not presented, nor are alternative approaches to dealing the effects of societal stigmatization discussed. The APA recognizes that in the course of ongoing psychiatric treatment there may be appropriate clinical indications for attempting to change sexual
    behaviors.

    Several major professional organizations including the American Psychological Association, the National Association of Social Workers and the American Academy of Pediatrics have all made statements against reparative therapy because of concerns for the harm caused to patients. The American Psychiatric Association has already taken clear stands against discrimination, prejudice and unethical treatment on a variety of issues including discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.
    Therefore, the American Psychiatric Association opposes any psychiatric treatment, such as reparative or conversion therapy which is based upon the assumption that homosexuality per se is a mental disorder or based upon the a priori assumption that the patient should change his/her sexual homosexual orientation.

    Source: http://www.psych.org/psych_pract/copptherapyaddendum83100.cfm
  • Teman - teman kata teman ku yang psikolog, katanya ada buku rujukan bagi anak - anak yang kuliah psikolog soal apa hal yang mengatakan bahwa homoseksual bukan penyimpangan seksual.

    Buku pegangan itu dalam bentuk buku saku, kalau memang benar. Bagi teman - teman yang kuliah psikolog atau punya buku itu. Bagaimana saya bisa dapat buku tersebut. Atau ada dalam bentuk soft copy.

    Saya minta tolong banget untuk bisa akses buku saku tersebut.

    Buku itu bagu sekali kalau kita bisa sebar2kan kepada pihak yang punya kepentingan. Untuk bahan advokasi.

    Ditunggu atas bantuan teman - teman ya.


    Salam


    Toyo

    +021++921++38++925


    NB : Saya mohon jangan sebutkan soal dimana saya tinggal bagi teman yang kenal saya. bukan apa2 saya sekarang sering di teror lewat email dan sms dengan orang yang gak tahu siapa.
    Malah sempat diteror mau di bunuh...

    Bagi teman - teman yang kenal saya, jangan sebutkan dimana saya tinggal ya.
  • toyo wrote:
    Teman - teman kata teman ku yang psikolog, homoseksual bukan penyimpangan seksual.

    ya memang bukan penyimpangan, bagi penganutnya . tapi buat yang gak suka sejenis , homoseksual itu bukan cuma penyimpangan bahkan penyakit menular .

    menurut saya , lupakan saja untuk mencari kebenarannya . perjuanganmu berat Toy . mendingan nikmati aja .............enjoy.

    sama aja dengan para koruptor, terima suap itu gak dosa dan bukan korupsi, lha yang namanya rezeki kan gak boleh ditolak, itukan tanda terimakasih.
  • toyo wrote:
    Adopted by the APA Council of Representatives on January 24-26, 1975.


    1. The American Psychological Association supports the action taken on December 15, 1973, by the American Psychiatric Association, removing homosexuality from that Association's official list of mental disorders. The American Psychological Association therefore adopts the following resolution:

    Homosexuality per se implies no impairment in judgement, stability, reliability, or general social and vocational capabilities; Further, the American Psychological Association urges all mental health professionals to take the lead in removing the stigma of mental illness that has long been associated with homosexual orientations.

    2. Regarding discrimination against homosexuals, the American Psychological Association adopts the following resolution concerning their civil and legal rights:

    The American Psychological Association deplores all public and private discrimination in such areas as employment, housing, public accommodation, and licensing against those who engage in or have engaged in homosexual activities and declares that no burden of proof of such judgement, capacity, or reliability shall be placed upon these individuals greater than that imposed on any other persons. Further, the American Psychological Association supports and urges the enactment of civil rights legislation at the local, and state and federal level that would offer citizens who engage in acts of homosexuality the same protections now guaranteed to others on the basis of race, creed, color, etc. Further, the American Psychological Association supports and urges the repeal of all discriminatory legislation singling out homosexual acts by consenting adults in private.


    Please cite this policy statement as:
    Conger, J.J. (1975). Proceedings of the American Psychological Association, Incorporated, for the year 1974: Minutes of the annual meeting of the Council of Representatives. American Psychologist, 30, 620-651
    Source:
    http://www.apa.org/pi/lgbc/policy/discrimination.html


    POSITION STATEMENT
    COPP Position Statement on Therapies Focused on Attempts to Change Sexual Orientation (Reparative or Conversion Therapies)
    Approved by the Board of Trustees March 2000
    Approved by the Assembly May 2000
    Preamble
    In December of 1998, the Board of Trustees issued a position statement that the American Psychiatric Association opposes any psychiatric treatment, such as "reparative" or conversion therapy, which is based upon the assumption that homosexuality per se is a mental disorder or based upon the a priori assumption that a patient should change his/her sexual homosexual orientation (Appendix 1). In doing so, the APA joined many other professional organizations that either oppose or are critical of "reparative" therapies, including the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Medical Association, the American Psychological Association, The American Counseling Association, and the National Association of Social Workers (1).
    The following Position Statement expands and elaborates upon the statement issued by the Board of Trustees in order to further address public and professional concerns about therapies designed to change a patient's sexual orientation or sexual identity. It augments rather than replaces the 1998 statement.
    Position Statement

    In the past, defining homosexuality as an illness buttressed society's moral opprobrium of same-sex relationships (2). In the current social climate, claiming homosexuality is a mental disorder stems from efforts to discredit the growing social acceptance of homosexuality as a normal variant of human sexuality. Consequently, the issue of changing sexual orientation has become highly politicized. The integration of gays and lesbians into the mainstream of American society is opposed by those who fear that such integration is morally wrong and harmful to the social fabric. The political and moral debates surrounding this issue have obscured the scientific data by calling into question the motives and even the character of individuals on both sides of the issue. This document attempts to shed some light on this heated issue.

    The validity, efficacy and ethics of clinical attempts to change an individual's sexual orientation have been challenged (3,4,5,6). To date, there are no scientifically rigorous outcome studies to determine either the actual efficacy or harm of "reparative" treatments. There is sparse scientific data about selection criteria, risks versus benefits of the treatment, and long-term outcomes of "reparative" therapies. The literature consists of anecdotal reports of individuals who have claimed to change, people who claim that attempts to change were harmful to them, and others who claimed to have changed and then later recanted those claims (7,8,9).

    Although there is little scientific data about the patients who have undergone these treatments, it is still possible to evaluate the theories, which rationalize the conduct of "reparative" and conversion therapies. Firstly, they are at odds with the scientific position of the American Psychiatric Association which has maintained, since 1973, that homosexuality per se, is not a mental disorder. The theories of "reparative" therapists define homosexuality as either a developmental arrest, a severe form of psychopathology, or some combination of both (10-15). In recent years, noted practitioners of "reparative" therapy have openly integrated older psychoanalytic theories that pathologies homosexuality with traditional religious beliefs condemning homosexuality (16,17,18).
    The earliest scientific criticisms of the early theories and religious beliefs informing "reparative" or conversion therapies came primarily from sexology researchers (19-27). Later, criticisms emerged from psychoanalytic sources as well (28-39). There has also been an increasing body of religious thought arguing against traditional, biblical interpretations that condemn homosexuality and which underlie religious types of "reparative" therapy (40-46).

    Recommendations:
    1. APA affirms its 1973 position that homosexuality per se is not a diagnosable mental disorder. Recent publicized efforts to repathologize homosexuality by claiming that it can be cured are often guided not by rigorous scientific or psychiatric research, but sometimes by religious and political forces opposed to full civil rights for gay men and lesbians. APA recommends that the APA respond quickly and appropriately as a scientific organization when claims that homosexuality is a curable illness are made by political or religious groups.

    2. As a general principle, a therapist should not determine the goal of treatment either coercively or through subtle influence. Psychotherapeutic modalities to convert or "repair" homosexuality are based on developmental theories whose scientific validity is questionable. Furthermore, anecdotal reports of "cures" are counterbalanced by anecdotal claims of psychological harm. In the last four decades, "reparative" therapists have not produced any rigorous scientific research to substantiate their claims of cure. Until there is such research available, APA recommends that ethical practitioners refrain from attempts to change individuals' sexual orientation, keeping in mind the medical dictum to first, do no harm.

    3. The "reparative" therapy literature uses theories that make it difficult to formulate scientific selection criteria for their treatment modality. This literature not only ignores the impact of social stigma in motivating efforts to cure homosexuality; it is a literature that actively stigmatizes homosexuality as well. "Reparative" therapy literature also tends to overstate the treatment's accomplishments while neglecting any potential risks to patients. APA encourages and supports research in the NIMH and the academic research community to further determines "reparative" therapy's risks versus its benefits.

    APA Position Statement on Psychiatric Treatment and Sexual Orientation December 11, 1998

    The Board of Trustees of the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from the DSM in 1973 after reviewing the evidence that it was not a mental disorder. In 1987, ego-dystonic homosexuality was not included in the DSM-III-R after a similar review.

    The American Psychiatric Association does not currently have a formal position statement on treatments that attempt to change a persons sexual orientation, also known as reparative or conversion therapy. There is an APA 1997 Fact Sheet on Homosexual and Bisexual Issues which states that there is no published scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of reparative therapy as a treatment to change ones sexual orientation.
    The potential risks of reparative therapy are great, including depression, anxiety and self-destructive behavior, since therapist alignment with societal prejudices against homosexuality may reinforce self-hatred already experienced by the patient. Many patients who have undergone reparative therapy relate that they were inaccurately told that homosexuals are lonely, unhappy individuals who never achieve acceptance or satisfaction. The possibility that the person might achieve happiness and satisfying interpersonal relationships as a gay man or lesbian is not presented, nor are alternative approaches to dealing the effects of societal stigmatization discussed. The APA recognizes that in the course of ongoing psychiatric treatment there may be appropriate clinical indications for attempting to change sexual
    behaviors.

    Several major professional organizations including the American Psychological Association, the National Association of Social Workers and the American Academy of Pediatrics have all made statements against reparative therapy because of concerns for the harm caused to patients. The American Psychiatric Association has already taken clear stands against discrimination, prejudice and unethical treatment on a variety of issues including discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.
    Therefore, the American Psychiatric Association opposes any psychiatric treatment, such as reparative or conversion therapy which is based upon the assumption that homosexuality per se is a mental disorder or based upon the a priori assumption that the patient should change his/her sexual homosexual orientation.

    Source: http://www.psych.org/psych_pract/copptherapyaddendum83100.cfm

    g coba translate semampu g ya...tunggu , nti g coba copas hasilnya
  • Makasih ya, saya tunggu terjemahannya.


    salam


    Toyo
    Yosuke wrote:
    toyo wrote:
    Adopted by the APA Council of Representatives on January 24-26, 1975.


    1. The American Psychological Association supports the action taken on December 15, 1973, by the American Psychiatric Association, removing homosexuality from that Association's official list of mental disorders. The American Psychological Association therefore adopts the following resolution:

    Homosexuality per se implies no impairment in judgement, stability, reliability, or general social and vocational capabilities; Further, the American Psychological Association urges all mental health professionals to take the lead in removing the stigma of mental illness that has long been associated with homosexual orientations.

    2. Regarding discrimination against homosexuals, the American Psychological Association adopts the following resolution concerning their civil and legal rights:

    The American Psychological Association deplores all public and private discrimination in such areas as employment, housing, public accommodation, and licensing against those who engage in or have engaged in homosexual activities and declares that no burden of proof of such judgement, capacity, or reliability shall be placed upon these individuals greater than that imposed on any other persons. Further, the American Psychological Association supports and urges the enactment of civil rights legislation at the local, and state and federal level that would offer citizens who engage in acts of homosexuality the same protections now guaranteed to others on the basis of race, creed, color, etc. Further, the American Psychological Association supports and urges the repeal of all discriminatory legislation singling out homosexual acts by consenting adults in private.


    Please cite this policy statement as:
    Conger, J.J. (1975). Proceedings of the American Psychological Association, Incorporated, for the year 1974: Minutes of the annual meeting of the Council of Representatives. American Psychologist, 30, 620-651
    Source:
    http://www.apa.org/pi/lgbc/policy/discrimination.html


    POSITION STATEMENT
    COPP Position Statement on Therapies Focused on Attempts to Change Sexual Orientation (Reparative or Conversion Therapies)
    Approved by the Board of Trustees March 2000
    Approved by the Assembly May 2000
    Preamble
    In December of 1998, the Board of Trustees issued a position statement that the American Psychiatric Association opposes any psychiatric treatment, such as "reparative" or conversion therapy, which is based upon the assumption that homosexuality per se is a mental disorder or based upon the a priori assumption that a patient should change his/her sexual homosexual orientation (Appendix 1). In doing so, the APA joined many other professional organizations that either oppose or are critical of "reparative" therapies, including the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Medical Association, the American Psychological Association, The American Counseling Association, and the National Association of Social Workers (1).
    The following Position Statement expands and elaborates upon the statement issued by the Board of Trustees in order to further address public and professional concerns about therapies designed to change a patient's sexual orientation or sexual identity. It augments rather than replaces the 1998 statement.
    Position Statement

    In the past, defining homosexuality as an illness buttressed society's moral opprobrium of same-sex relationships (2). In the current social climate, claiming homosexuality is a mental disorder stems from efforts to discredit the growing social acceptance of homosexuality as a normal variant of human sexuality. Consequently, the issue of changing sexual orientation has become highly politicized. The integration of gays and lesbians into the mainstream of American society is opposed by those who fear that such integration is morally wrong and harmful to the social fabric. The political and moral debates surrounding this issue have obscured the scientific data by calling into question the motives and even the character of individuals on both sides of the issue. This document attempts to shed some light on this heated issue.

    The validity, efficacy and ethics of clinical attempts to change an individual's sexual orientation have been challenged (3,4,5,6). To date, there are no scientifically rigorous outcome studies to determine either the actual efficacy or harm of "reparative" treatments. There is sparse scientific data about selection criteria, risks versus benefits of the treatment, and long-term outcomes of "reparative" therapies. The literature consists of anecdotal reports of individuals who have claimed to change, people who claim that attempts to change were harmful to them, and others who claimed to have changed and then later recanted those claims (7,8,9).

    Although there is little scientific data about the patients who have undergone these treatments, it is still possible to evaluate the theories, which rationalize the conduct of "reparative" and conversion therapies. Firstly, they are at odds with the scientific position of the American Psychiatric Association which has maintained, since 1973, that homosexuality per se, is not a mental disorder. The theories of "reparative" therapists define homosexuality as either a developmental arrest, a severe form of psychopathology, or some combination of both (10-15). In recent years, noted practitioners of "reparative" therapy have openly integrated older psychoanalytic theories that pathologies homosexuality with traditional religious beliefs condemning homosexuality (16,17,18).
    The earliest scientific criticisms of the early theories and religious beliefs informing "reparative" or conversion therapies came primarily from sexology researchers (19-27). Later, criticisms emerged from psychoanalytic sources as well (28-39). There has also been an increasing body of religious thought arguing against traditional, biblical interpretations that condemn homosexuality and which underlie religious types of "reparative" therapy (40-46).

    Recommendations:
    1. APA affirms its 1973 position that homosexuality per se is not a diagnosable mental disorder. Recent publicized efforts to repathologize homosexuality by claiming that it can be cured are often guided not by rigorous scientific or psychiatric research, but sometimes by religious and political forces opposed to full civil rights for gay men and lesbians. APA recommends that the APA respond quickly and appropriately as a scientific organization when claims that homosexuality is a curable illness are made by political or religious groups.

    2. As a general principle, a therapist should not determine the goal of treatment either coercively or through subtle influence. Psychotherapeutic modalities to convert or "repair" homosexuality are based on developmental theories whose scientific validity is questionable. Furthermore, anecdotal reports of "cures" are counterbalanced by anecdotal claims of psychological harm. In the last four decades, "reparative" therapists have not produced any rigorous scientific research to substantiate their claims of cure. Until there is such research available, APA recommends that ethical practitioners refrain from attempts to change individuals' sexual orientation, keeping in mind the medical dictum to first, do no harm.

    3. The "reparative" therapy literature uses theories that make it difficult to formulate scientific selection criteria for their treatment modality. This literature not only ignores the impact of social stigma in motivating efforts to cure homosexuality; it is a literature that actively stigmatizes homosexuality as well. "Reparative" therapy literature also tends to overstate the treatment's accomplishments while neglecting any potential risks to patients. APA encourages and supports research in the NIMH and the academic research community to further determines "reparative" therapy's risks versus its benefits.

    APA Position Statement on Psychiatric Treatment and Sexual Orientation December 11, 1998

    The Board of Trustees of the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from the DSM in 1973 after reviewing the evidence that it was not a mental disorder. In 1987, ego-dystonic homosexuality was not included in the DSM-III-R after a similar review.

    The American Psychiatric Association does not currently have a formal position statement on treatments that attempt to change a persons sexual orientation, also known as reparative or conversion therapy. There is an APA 1997 Fact Sheet on Homosexual and Bisexual Issues which states that there is no published scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of reparative therapy as a treatment to change ones sexual orientation.
    The potential risks of reparative therapy are great, including depression, anxiety and self-destructive behavior, since therapist alignment with societal prejudices against homosexuality may reinforce self-hatred already experienced by the patient. Many patients who have undergone reparative therapy relate that they were inaccurately told that homosexuals are lonely, unhappy individuals who never achieve acceptance or satisfaction. The possibility that the person might achieve happiness and satisfying interpersonal relationships as a gay man or lesbian is not presented, nor are alternative approaches to dealing the effects of societal stigmatization discussed. The APA recognizes that in the course of ongoing psychiatric treatment there may be appropriate clinical indications for attempting to change sexual
    behaviors.

    Several major professional organizations including the American Psychological Association, the National Association of Social Workers and the American Academy of Pediatrics have all made statements against reparative therapy because of concerns for the harm caused to patients. The American Psychiatric Association has already taken clear stands against discrimination, prejudice and unethical treatment on a variety of issues including discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.
    Therefore, the American Psychiatric Association opposes any psychiatric treatment, such as reparative or conversion therapy which is based upon the assumption that homosexuality per se is a mental disorder or based upon the a priori assumption that the patient should change his/her sexual homosexual orientation.

    Source: http://www.psych.org/psych_pract/copptherapyaddendum83100.cfm

    g coba translate semampu g ya...tunggu , nti g coba copas hasilnya
  • Saya tidak dalam mencari pembenaran. Tapi saya sedang menunjukkan ada hal yang lain. Bahwa menurut ilmuhan itu tidak menyimpang homoseksual.

    Kadang kalau misal semua gay berpikir untuk cuek dan nikmati saja,,,terus bagaimana dong gay di indonesia. Gay yang ada di Belanda sampai pada sekarang juga bukan sesuatu yang datang dari langit begitu saja. Tapi semua itu butuh diperjuangkan sobat. Kita tidak bisa diam saja menunggu ada mukzijat dari langit. Semua itu harus direbut dan diperjuangkan...

    Kadang saya lelah dan capek juga, kadang terpikir mending keluar saja dari indonesia dan hidup tenang diluar sana. Atau cuek saja kerja cari uang dan usaha tanpa harus mikirin nasip kelompok gay di Indonesia. Biarin terus direndahkan oleh negara dan masyarakat. Tapi saya tidak bisa begitu, saya terpanggil melakukan sesuatu untuk diri saya dan teman - teman. Minimal untuk diri saya kalau misal teman - teman tidak membutuhkan seperti anda.

    Tapi apa yang saya lakukan minimal ada manfaat bagi diri saya sendiri ataupun orang lain, jika ada yang mau terima.

    Tapi jangan karena kita kecewa dan putus asa terus kita diam dan pasrah saja..Itu malah hal yang tidak boleh loh....


    Salam


    Toyo
    toyo wrote:
    Teman - teman kata teman ku yang psikolog, homoseksual bukan penyimpangan seksual.

    ya memang bukan penyimpangan, bagi penganutnya . tapi buat yang gak suka sejenis , homoseksual itu bukan cuma penyimpangan bahkan penyakit menular .

    menurut saya , lupakan saja untuk mencari kebenarannya . perjuanganmu berat Toy . mendingan nikmati aja .............enjoy.

    sama aja dengan para koruptor, terima suap itu gak dosa dan bukan korupsi, lha yang namanya rezeki kan gak boleh ditolak, itukan tanda terimakasih.
  • Disahkan oleh Dewan Perwakilan APA pada 24-26 (?) Janyari 1975.


    1. Asosiasi Psikolog Amerika mendukung langkah yg diambil pada 15 Desember 1973 oleh Asosiasi Psikiater Amerika yg telah mengeluarkan homoseksualitas dari daftar resmi jenis2 masalah kejiwaan.
    Dengan ini Asosiasi Psikolog Amerika mengesahkan resolusi berikut:

    Homoseksualitas tidak menunjukkan gejala ketidakmampuan untuk berpikir, ketidakstabilan, ketidakjujuran, atau ketidakmampuan sosial dan logika secara umum; Lebih jauh lagi, Asosiasi Psikolog Amerika menghimbau semua tenaga ahli kesehatan mental untuk secara aktif menghilangkan stigma bahwa homoseksualitas merupakan penyakit kejiwaan yg selama ini beredar di masyarakat.



    2. Sehubungan dengan diskriminasi terhadap kaum homoseksual, Asosiasi Psikolog Amerika mengesahkan resolusi berikut sehubungan dengan hak sipil dan hukum mereka:

    sampe sini dulu ya......... mesti cabut nih.....ntar kalo ada waktu tak sambung lagi, atau kalo gak tunggu aja terjemahan dari yosuke
  • makasih ya, kami tunggu terjemahannya.


    Salam



    Toyo
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